Enzymes are 'biological catalysts', they enable chemical reactions while remaining uncharged themselves. We can also use enzymes via topical product to enable the breakdown of Kerstin in the cells. They are classified as proteases (protein digesting enzymes). They break down the peptide bonds. New technology provides us with gentle exfoliants that have the ability to digest and clean-up keratinized cells from the stratum corneum.

Unlike AHAs, their activity is not acid pH dependent, so can be used pH 4.5 - 5.5 (skin) or within acidic formulas alongside AHAs.

Papain is from papaya. Carica papaya fruit. A Sulphur containing proteolytic enzyme. Active over pH 4-8

Bromelain - from pineapple, mostly the stems; stronger than Papain. It is not a single substance, but rather a collection of enzymes and other compounds. It is a mixture of sulphur-containing proteases, and several other substances in smaller quantities including: peroxidase, acid phosphatase, protease inhibitors and calcium.

Bacillus Ferment is a non-pathogenic bacteria produced enzyme made by biotechnology and is obtained by fermentation of a microorganism Bacillus Substilis.